![\"\"](\"https:\/\/su.edu.ye\/ce\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2026\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-02-14-at-10.16.52-AM-156x300.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (95%)\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0640: “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646”\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 17 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 1447\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 05\/02\/2026\u0645.<\/p>\n
\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629:
\n– \u0623.\u062f\/ \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627.
\n– \u0623.\u062f\/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0628 \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627.
\n– \u0623.\u0645.\u062f\/ \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649:
\n– \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 “\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646”\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a.
\n– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 “\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646” \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\n– \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0628\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 “\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646” \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0646 (Pedersen, 2011) \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.
\n– \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0628\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 “\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646” \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (FAR) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0646 (2017\u0645).<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/su.edu.ye\/ce\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2026\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-02-14-at-10.16.41-AM-300x168.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:
\n– \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645.
\n– \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.
\n– \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/su.edu.ye\/ce\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2026\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-02-14-at-10.16.47-AM-300x172.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:
\n– \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.
\n– \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0628\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.
\n– \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\n– \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n